Overview Trusts are created to support various noble causes, such as promoting education, healthcare, social welfare, and scientific research. Originally designed to encourage progress in these fields, trusts now play a key role in addressing societal needs, like providing education for the underprivileged and medical assistance to those in need. Trust Registration is a legal process under the Indian Trusts Act of 1882 that ensures a trust is officially recognized and can operate within the law. This registration also establishes the trust as an independent legal entity, giving it a formal status. What is a Trust? A trust is a legal arrangement where a person, known as the trustor, transfers ownership of assets or property to a trustee. The trustee is responsible for managing these assets for the benefit of a third party, called the beneficiary. The relationship between these parties is outlined in a document called the trust deed, which is submitted during the Trust Registration process. According to the Indian Trusts Act, a trust is defined as a relationship in which the trustee holds assets for the benefit of the beneficiary.

Key Parties Involved in Trust Registration

1. Trustor: The person who sets up the trust and provides the assets or property to be managed. The trustor initiates the process and specifies how the assets should be used.
2. Trustee: The individual or organization responsible for managing the trust assets. The trustee ensures that the trust operates according to the terms specified in the trust deed and in the best interest of the beneficiary.
3. Beneficiary: The person or group who benefits from the trust. They receive the income or advantages from the trust as per the instructions given by the trustor. Well; you can register an NGO/NPO as Trust with a charitable purpose. Such purposes may include social contribution in the form of education, medical help or undertaking activities of public utility that promote public welfare. The most preferred way to run an NGO or a non-profit organization under trust is to form a Public Charitable Trust. Private trusts are governed by the Indian Trusts Act (1882) and are used for private purposes, such as running a private estate or institution. For doing a charitable work for public, Public charitable trusts can be set up. India doesn't have a national level law to govern charitable trusts, however; few states have enacted Public Charitable Trusts Act and NGO trust registration has to be done. In the absence of a Trusts Act in a particular state or territory, the general principles of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 shall apply for the NGO trust registration.

Types of Trusts

1. Public Trust: This type of trust is created for charitable purposes, benefiting the general public. Common examples include trusts focused on education, healthcare, and religious activities. Public trusts are governed by specific laws, like the Bombay Public Trust Act of 1950.
2. Private Trust: Private trusts are established for the benefit of specific individuals or families. They are governed by the Indian Trusts Act of 1882 and are often used for family wealth management or specific personal purposes.
3. Public-Cum-Private Trust: These trusts serve both public and private interests. Part of their income is used for public welfare, while the rest is designated for specific individuals or families.

Legal Framework for Trust Registration Trust registration is regulated by several laws to ensure proper governance. Here's a look at the main regulations:

1. Indian Trusts Act of 1882: This act provides the legal framework for the registration and administration of private trusts. It specifies the roles and duties of trustees and lays out procedures for trust management.
2. Income Tax Act of 1961: Registered trusts are eligible for tax benefits. Donors can also claim tax deductions for their contributions to these trusts under sections 12A and 800.
3. Societies Registration Act of 1860: While not directly related to trusts, this act governs societies involved in charitable, educational, or cultural activities. Societies often work alongside trusts to achieve similar goals.

Importance of Trust Registration

1. Legal Compliance: Registration ensures that the trust operates legally and meets all regulatory requirements.
2. Support for Charitable Work: Trusts that focus on education, healthcare, or social welfare need to be registered to receive government support and tax benefits. FRAMEWORK
3. Tax Exemptions: Registered trusts enjoy tax exemptions, making it easier to fund charitable activities.
4. Public Trust: Trusts created for the benefit of the public must be registered to maintain transparency and accountability.
5. Recognition: A registered trust is recognized by law, which helps in securing donations, applying for grants, and managing assets effectively.

Benefits of Trust Registration

1. Tax Benefits: Registered trusts get exemptions under the Income Tax Act, reducing their tax burden and encouraging financial support from donors.
2. Legal Protection: The Indian Trusts Act protects the trust from legal challenges and ensures it operates smoothly.
3. Wealth Management: Trusts can help manage and preserve family assets, ensuring they are distributed according to the trustor's wishes.
4. Avoiding Probate: Trust registration simplifies the transfer of assets to beneficiaries, avoiding lengthy probate court processes.

Prerequisites for Trust Registration To register a trust, you need to meet certain conditions:

1. Minimum Number of People: At least two individuals are needed to form a trust.
2. Legal Compliance: The trust must be established according to the Indian Trusts Act of 1882.
3. Valid Objectives: The goals of the trust must align with the law and should be for a legitimate purpose.
4. Trust Deed: A properly drafted trust deed is essential. It should clearly state the roles and responsibilities of all involved parties and the purpose of the trust.
5. No Disqualifications: Trustees should not be disqualified under any existing laws.
6. Public Interest: The trust should not engage in activities that harm the public or violate any laws.

Key Components of a Trust Deed The trust deed is an important document that includes:

1. Name of the Trust: A unique name that complies with trademark and naming laws.
2. Duration: The period for which the trust will operate.
3. Registered Office: The official address of the trust.
4. Objectives: The specific goals and purposes of the trust.
5. Details of the Trustor: Information about the person who is creating the trust.
6. Trustees' Information: Names and details of the trustees, including their roles and responsibilities.
7. Amendment Rules: How changes can be made to the trust deed.
8. Legal Compliance: Assurance that the trust will follow all relevant laws.

Documents Required for Trust Registration

1. Trust Deed: Stamped and signed.
2. Photographs: Passport-sized photos of all parties involved.
3. PAN Card: For the trustor and trustees.
4. Address Proof: Utility bills or property papers for the registered office.
5. Identity Proof: Aadhaar, voter ID, or passport.
6. NOC: From the property owner if the office is rented.
7. Income Tax Certificates: For claiming tax exemptions.

Trust Registration Process

1. Choose a Name: Select a name that complies with naming laws.
2. Appoint Trustees: At least two trustees are required, and they must be Indian residents.
3. Draft the Trust Deed: Include all relevant details about the trustor, trustees, and objectives.
4. Submit Documents: File the trust deed and other documents with the registrar.
5. Verification: The registrar checks the documents for accuracy and compliance.
6. Receive Certificate: Once approved, the registrar issues a certificate of trust registration.

Dissolving a Trust A trust can be dissolved when all assets are distributed to beneficiaries or a similar entity. It is essential to address any tax liabilities and follow proper procedures to avoid legal issues.

Post-Registration Compliance A Trust after its registration shall do the following compliance:

• Obtain PAN card
• Open a bank account
• NITI Ayog Registration
• Accounting and Bookkeeping
• Income Tax return filing
• GST registration, if applicable
• Compliance with the Registrar of Firm - Filing of AGM resolution, accounts to be disclosed and member list to be filed with the Registrar of Firms.